Star Plot

http://math.yorku.ca/SCS/sugi/sugi16-paper.html
Star plots are used to plot data with several variables. All of the data had the origin in the middle, and the different variables each point in a different direction. The length of the line from the origin shows us the data. This star plot shows various automobile data like price, length, weight, trunk and miles per gallon for each car pictured. The result is a visual representation of the cars which you can relate to one another.

Similarity Matrix

http://www.cp.jku.at/people/schedl/Research/Development/CoMIRVA/webpage/CoMIRVA.html

This is a similarity matrix for different music. Similarity matrices are used to express data between two objects. This map shows the relationship between some different songs, giving higher scores to ones that are more similar--the most similar are shown in white, next in yellow, third in green and least similar are shown in blue.

Box Plot

http://itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/boxplot.htm

This box plot compares efficiency of four different machines. Box plots show a summary of data by showing the minimum (bottom of the line), maximum (top of the line) and the 25th and 75th percentile of the data set shown in the box.

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Stem-and-Leaf_Plot.html

Stem and Leaf Plots show data organized into groups based on similar characteristics. This plot shows a mathematical sequence, with the numbers organized by groups of tens. This is useful for finding averages or similarities between data sets.

Triangular Plot

 http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/maillists/tmap/ferret_users/fu_2007/msg00384.html

Triangle plots show the relationship between three variables on three axes. This plot shows the predicted impact of tsunami waves on three separate sites based on a scaled index.

Windrose

http://www.crh.noaa.gov/sgf/?n=aviation_forecasts

Windrose maps show the speed and direction of the wind over a certain period of time in a specified area. This map shows the wind speed was southerly in Springfield, MO most of the time between 1973 and 2006. 

Climograph

http://www.jrank.org/history/pages/8346/What-Are-Different-Types-Maps-Graphs.html

Climographs show the difference between rainfall and temperature over a certain period of time. This map shows the entire year's precipitation through a bar graph overlaid with a red line marking temperature. These maps are useful for depicting weather trends, droughts, and flood seasons.

Population profile

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6508055.stm

This population profile shows the US population (left) and the Nigerian population profile (right). Population profiles show the portion of the population which falls in a certain age bracket, divided between the sexes. The graph on the left shows a stabilizing population, showing negligible growth, while the Nigerian population pyramid on the right shows a rapidly increasing population possibly with high infant mortality.

Scatterplot

http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/spreadsheetlessons/ss/excel_graph_use_4.htm



Scatter plots show the relationship between two variables, shown by a general increase or decrease in the slope of a trend line. The trend line is not shown in this plot of the ability to increase concentration of a certain species in solution as you raise the temperature, but we can see that the slope is positive so the relationship can be defined from the trend--showing that if we increase the temperature, the concentration can also be increased.

Index value plot

http://www.cavemanforecaster.com/2009/04/case-shiller-housing-index-seasonal.html

This shows an index value plot for change in the Case-Schiller Index Value for home pricing over twelve months. Index value plots have a normal line, shown here by the 0.00% line, a standard line shown by the red dotted line, and an etching line which is shown here in blue. This type of graph is useful for showing how closely values lie to an agreed average or norm.

Accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve

http://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Gini_supplement.html

This shows a Lorenz curve, which depicts the difference between actual and theoretical possibility in economics. This shows actual distribution of income in the U.S., which works exponentially in reality, but could be reconfigured by redistribution or taxation into a theoretical even distribution.

Bilateral graph

http://www.mikeonads.com/category/supply-and-demand/
This bilateral graph shows the relationship between supply and demand on a general level and is marked by a zero line so it can show the positive and negative sides of an issue. On this bilateral graph, we can see the relationship from the quantity--as supply increases, demand decreases. The zero line falls at the intersection of the two lines, on two axes as shown by the dotted line. Anything in quadrant I (at the upper right) shows positive growth, anything elsewhere shows some sort of downfall in the system.

Nominal area choropleth map

https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/nij/mapping/ch2_4a.html

Nominal area chloropleth maps are used to depict statistical data by various colors of shading. The map above shows residential burglaries in different areas of Baltimore County, Maryland. The statistical data is shown in number of residential burglaries per 1000 people with red being the highest and green being the lowest number.

Standardized chloropleth maps

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/img/geography/population/g156.gif

Standardized chloropleth maps are aerially averaged by a certain measure so that every area is compared to the other areas by the same measure. For example, the map shown above shows world population per square meter regardless of superimposed boundaries.

Unstandardized choropleth maps

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog485vba/book/export/html/1763

Untandardized chloropleth maps are averaged and set to a standard measure regardless of total area. This type of map is very generalized as there may be areas where there is high disparity between neighboring areas. This map of U.S. state population shows a range of population values over the generalized areas of the entire state, regardless of the state's size or density.

Univariate choropleth maps

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2002/Ag_Atlas_Maps/Crops_and_Plants/index.asp

This map shows a univariate chloropleth map portraying acres of harvested corn for grain in 2002. Univariate Chloropleth maps show one set of data over an area. On this map we see the one set of data--number of acres harvested--over the entire U.S.

Bivariate choropleth maps

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1800

A bivariate chloropleth map shows two variables on one map. The image above shows the rates of cancer in insured and uninsured white and black women. Any one of these four maps serves as an example. The gray shows highly insured low cancer rate areas, the blue highly uninsured low cancer rate areas, the pink highly insured high cancer rate areas and the purple highly uninsured high cancer rate areas in a particular county.

Unclassed choropleth maps

 http://euclid.psych.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/milestone/sec5.html

This is an unclassed chloropleth map. It shows the rates of illiteracy in France from 1800-1849. Unclassed chloropleth maps use a scale without assigned values to create a map which tells which areas are better and worse, but not assign any specific values to those claims.

Classed choropleth maps

http://jeffline.jefferson.edu/aisrnews/?p=356

 Classed chloropleth maps represent values by variegated colors of shading in one color divided into several classes. The map above shows the population density of residents over the age of 65 in Philidelphia County. This map shows the darker areas as those which have higher percentage of residents over 65, and the lighter areas as having a smaller percentage and is divided into seven classes, each of which is assigned a color.

Range graded proportional circle map

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1796

Range graded proportional circle maps use similar constructs to the proportional circle maps, but they have definitive values for the sized circles. The images showing California motor vehicle deaths above portray this principle well.

Continuously variable proportional circle map

 

http://go.owu.edu/~jbkrygie/krygier_html/geog_353/geog_353_lo/geog_353_lo11.html

On Continuously variable proportional circle maps, the size of the circle is proportional to the value being measured. Because of this, we can look at a map of this type and identify areas of, for instance, the types of meat sent to Paris from different areas of France in 1858 as seen in the map above.

DOQQ

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/descdoqq.html

DOQQ or Digital Ortho Quarter Quads are images in which the distortions caused by camera tilt and other factors such as cloud cover are removed in order to provide a usable aerial map. This map shows an areas of South Carolina as seen on a DOQQ map.

DEM

http://rrsg.uct.ac.za/activities/activities.html

This Digital Elevation Model is from a reservoir in Lesotho, South Africa. It shows the elevation of the land by color with blue being the lowest and red the highest. This type of sensing shows the earth by remote sensing and is useful for seeing the actual topography of a bare earth.

DLG

http://www.idahogeology.org/DrawOnePage.asp?PageID=83

A DLG is a Digital Line Graph. Digital Line Graphs use the US Geological Survey's information and represent some features with different patterns or colors. A beach may be seen as a dotted area, water as shaded black, etc. This map is of a landslide complex in Idaho. The different colors represent varied land uses.

DRG

http://www.mapmart.com/Products/TopographicalMaps/SeamlessDRG.aspx

Digital Raster Graphic Maps are used to combine topographical and digital information. They use the US Geological Survey map as a backdrop and can overlay digital data over it, in order to make the maps more useful. This map shows lakes and parks overlaid with isometric lines to denote elevation.

Isopleths

http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/aa/full_html/2010/07/aa12078-09/aa12078-09.html

Isopleths show areas of equal value of whatever is being measured. The map above shows the measurement of surface distribution of new galaxies being formed. This is useful because it maps processes we would not be able to see before, and helps show the changing organization of galaxies as time goes on.

Isopachs

http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/gg/research/faulting/index.php

Isopachs show areas of equal thickness of rock under the earth. They also show variation of rock types. This is useful for finding areas which most likely have sources for fossil fuels, precious metals and other commodities. The map I used shoes an area where a fault line has moved, showing the variation of the types and formations of the rock on either side.

Isohyets

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0518/ofr-99-0518.html

This map shows isohyets which show areas of equal rainfall. This map from the U.S. Geological Survey shows areas in Mason County, Virginia that received equal rain fall. This type of map can help predict flood paths and avalanches in colder climates.

Isotachs

http://weatherfaqs.org.uk/book/export/html/190

Isotachs show wind speeds in a certain area by the width between the isotachs--the continuous lines marking boundaries between areas of different speeds. The closer the isotachs are, the faster the wind is moving. These maps are usually used to show wind patterns during different times of the year.

Isobars

http://www.newmediastudio.org/DataDiscovery/Hurr_ED_Center/Hurr_Structure_Energetics/Closed_Isobars/Closed_Isobars.html

Isobar maps show areas of high and low pressure by showing continuous lines which mark areas of differing pressure, measured in millibars. The map above shows a low pressure cell. When high and low pressure cells converge, storms occur. Therefore this type of map is useful for predicting foul weather.

Isoline Maps

http://www.middleschoolscience.com/isotherms.htm

Isoline maps draw lines to represent that two points share a similar value. The isoline map shown above connects a continuous line between areas of the same temperature. This can be used to generalize, as is shown on my map, which areas are within certain temperature ranges by demarcating the values in intervals of five.

PLSS Maps

http://www.idwr.idaho.gov/GeographicInfo/Publications/adjudica.htm

PLSS Maps are part of the Public Land Survey System. This is the numbered system that  was used to divide land into plots in a grid system everywhere in the US except the original thirteen colonies and Texas. This PLSS map is from Boise, Idaho and shows that the grid system simply laid the grid out over the land, regardless of the geographical features there (as shown by the river). The sections are organized into increasingly smaller divisions, and are organized based on the location relative to the base lines.

LIDAR

http://www.lidarbasemaps.org/

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) maps use light to three dimensionally map a surface. It uses x,y,z coordinates using the same basic technique as radar, but can show elevation change over a static surface. This is an example of a coordinate map, in which the specific coordinates all have specific x, y, and z coordinates in order to create the overall image of the map.

Black & white aerial photo

http://www.town.ridgway.co.us/towndocuments.html
This shows a black and white aerial photograph of Ridgeway, Colorado. The black and white photos can emphasize different aspects of the landscape more that infrared photography because you can better see differentiated plots of land and roadwats, as seen in the lower left hand portion of this photo.

Infrared aerial photo

http://www.deltanationalpark.org/tag/tourism

This is an infrared aerial photo of Delta Bay, the portion in the center shows man made channels to allow for waterfront property. Infrared photos are useful for detecting healthy and sickly vegetation and also tracking pest control or erosion.

Cartographic Animation

http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/JSHINKER/animations/global/

This shows a cartographic animation of long wave radiation radiated from the earth minus long wave radiation emitted from the sun. The result is an animation of the amount of radiation in certain areas over time. Cartographic animation maps show us changes in weather patterns throughout the year, whether showing radiation, rainfall or wind patterns.

Doppler Radar

 http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/archive.html?year=2007&month=03

 Cartographic animations show speed and direction such as through Doppler Radar. This map shows thunderstorms over the Fort Worth area and measures rainfall and direction of the wind and rain in order to tell people in the surrounding area what kind of weather to expect.

Statistical Map

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1075987

This is a statistical map of the world. It shows distance between real world geographical locations based on conveyed values. The cities listed on this map are shown by population.

Cartogram

http://mapoftheweek.blogspot.com/2008/10/map-of-week-election-cartograms.html

Cartograms like this one distort the image of a map to make areas proportional to some factor other than land so that the picture shows a distorted view to make a point. This cartogram shows electoral votes by state. The states which have the most electoral votes such as California, Florida and Texas have the most blocks, and therefore the most votes. This is a useful way to pictorially represent concepts like electoral votes because although it does not show how many votes a state has, it shows which are the most and least significant in the election.

Thematic map

http://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/AncientWebPages/105.html
(or http://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/AncientWebPages/AncientL.html)

This shows Homer's interpretation of how the world worked when he lived in 900 B.C.E. This is an example of a thematic map because it shows that the Greeks thought of themselves as the only people on earth, and thought of the world as having some resemblance to this and thus they only mapped their area.

Hypsometric Map

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2009/Google_Moon.html

This shows a hypsometric map of the moon from Google Moon. It shows the elevations of different areas by color, with dark red being the highest possible elevation and blue being the lowest. This map is interesting because it shows the moon in a way most people haven't seen it before. Being able to map the elevation of the craters on the moon could help us understand the geological systems taking place there more completely.

Propaganda Map

http://www.timeout.com/london/museums-attractions/event/182142/magnificent-maps-power-propaganda-and-art

This shows a propaganda map from the British Museum's Exhibition. It shows the British East India Company (a government run company) and its desire to emphasize the extent of the British empire. Propaganda maps attempt to persuade the viewer to think a certain way. This map persuades the reader to think of the British Empire as far reaching and present in the whole world, and to think that they should buy tea because the rest of the world is drinking it too.

Cadastral Map

http://www.magnasoft.com/casestudies/gis-land-administration-case-study5.htm

This is an example of Cadastral mapping. Cadastral mapping shows areas by land ownership. This is a cadastral map of a sub division with the boundaries mapped out and numbers on each parcel. This type of mapping is useful for real estate agents and city planners.

Chloropleth map

http://blog.thematicmapping.org/

This map shows the use of Key Markup Language to create a thematic chloropleth map on Google Earth. This thematic map visually represents the relative infant mortality rate in different countries. The higher the rate, the more the country stands out from the base level, the ocean. Chloropleth maps show information about data superimposed on a base surface, just as dot distribution maps do, but these maps do not have to show distribution as precisely. This one, for example, has a large scale, and sets the boundaries for the division on countries, rather than showing dots to show distribution over the larger area.

Dot Distribution Map

http://www.petapixel.com/2011/07/12/beautiful-heat-maps-of-flickr-photographs-and-twitter-tweets/

This shows a dot distribution map--although it looks like a satellite image, it is actually a map of Twitter and Flickr activity by location. The orange dots are photos uploaded, the blue dots are Tweets on Twitter and the white shows an area where both were found. This type of map is interesting because it shows the activity of users on the internet and shows the prominence of certain sites in different areas. One dot represents one tweet or picture, so the size of the dots does not change like in a proportional circle map.

Topographic Map

 http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/activities/l_number3.html
This is actually an activity sheet asking students to label the high and low points of a volcano in Hawaii. This topographic map not only shows scale, but the elevation of several points on the volcano. The contour lines show areas of equal elevation, and you can tell where the slope is very steep based on how close together the lines are. This is interesting to me because you can see that the volcano has one area where the gradient of the slope is so steep that the lines nearly touch. With as scale of 1000 feet per line, that is a very steep slope!

Concept Map

http://www.chartball.com/tweets/

This shows a concept map with an adjustable scale. It is also a proportional circle map. This shows the sports world based on number of followers each entity has on Twitter. The more followers someone has, the bigger his dot is. The concept map part of it shows the relationships between the different sports casters and players based on who is interested in them, and the adjustable scale means that you can choose one area (or one person) and delve into the nuance of the map. This type of map is useful to fantasy football players everywhere, but more practically to show the bigger sports stars and show the public interest in them visually.

Mental Map

http://www.barnorama.com/tag/map/

This shows a visualization of a mental map. Because mental maps are specifically that, mental, it shows what one person thinks of the world around them. Although this map is not the most politically correct, it accurately shows what one person might think of the world around oneself. Because the person lives in America, it is the most well defined country, the most true shape and the center of the map. Other countries and entire continents become amorphous blobs the farther removed from American culture they are. Certain stereotypical associations are emphasized based on what this person knows about the other places listed on the map.

Flow Map

http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662952/13-of-the-years-best-infographics-slideshow#5

This is a map of the movie Inception. It is a flow map, which shows the progression of travel, not the actual path. Because the map is highly idealized, we can also call it a desire line map. This map shows the relationship between different levels of consciousness in the movie. I think it is a very good one as well! It shows the different levels of the dream world in the movie, the path of each character between the levels and over time, and shows the "kicks" between levels they talk about as well. It even visually portrays the warping of time during the movie. This shows the way one person might map out a concept for a very difficult movie plot line to follow to make it easier for a person to understand that movie.

FSU Planimetric Map

http://www.sb.fsu.edu/~xray/contact.html


Planimetric maps are maps that show only the horizontal position of features on a map. They do not show elevation or much else, and are basically grid maps with key features denoted and labeled. This map shows Florida State's campus, and shows the buildings based just on their shape and relative size, focusing mostly on the accuracy of the positioning and the relative distance between them. This is a relatively small scale map because we can see all of the buildings over the whole campus. It is the basic type of map that we are most familiar with because we use these types of maps to get driving directions.